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- From: derekn@ece.cmu.edu (Derek B. Noonburg)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.powerpc,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: PowerPC Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Supersedes: <PowerPC_763693239@ece.cmu.edu>
- Followup-To: comp.sys.powerpc
- Date: 13 Apr 1994 20:05:59 GMT
- Organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
- Lines: 850
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Message-ID: <PowerPC_766267547@ece.cmu.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: vw.ece.cmu.edu
- Summary: This posting contains a list of frequently asked questions
- about the PowerPC architecture and PowerPC-based computers.
- Originator: derekn@vw.ece.cmu.edu
- Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu comp.sys.powerpc:13777 comp.answers:4902 news.answers:18042
-
- Archive-name: powerpc-faq
- Last-modified 13-April-94
-
- ========================================================================
- PowerPC FAQ
-
- 13 April 1994
- ========================================================================
-
- The PowerPC FAQ is maintained by Derek Noonburg (derekn@ece.cmu.edu).
- Please send me any and all additions, corrections, clarfications, and
- suggestions.
-
- Changes since last version (14-Mar-94):
- - added: [2-3], [3-5]
- - changed: [0-2], [1-3], [1-5], [1-6], [1-7], [2-1], [3-6], [5-1]
-
-
- ========================================================================
- Index
- ========================================================================
-
- [0] Introduction
- [0-1] Where can a current copy of this FAQ be obtained?
- [0-2] Can I convert this FAQ to a different format and/or
- redistribute it?
- [0-3] What newsgroups are appropriate for PowerPC discussions?
- [0-4] What other FAQs contain PowerPC information?
- [0-5] What other net sources (ftp, gopher, etc.) contain PowerPC
- information?
- [0-6] Contributors.
-
- [1] Processor
- [1-1] What is a PowerPC?
- [1-2] How does PowerPC relate to POWER and POWER2?
- [1-3] What processors have been announced? What are their specs?
- When will they be available? How much will they cost?
- [1-4] What embedded controllers will be available?
- [1-5] How fast is a PowerPC?
- [1-6] Is there special hardware for emulating 68k or x86
- processors?
- [1-7] Where can I get more information on the PowerPC?
-
- [2] Hardware
- [2-1] What PowerPC-based computers are/will be available? When will
- they be available? How much will they cost?
- [2-2] What is PReP and how can I get a copy?
- [2-3] Can PowerPC 601-based computers be upgraded to, e.g., a 604
- when they become available?
-
- [3] Software
- [3-1] What operating systems will run on PowerPC-based computers?
- When will they be available?
- [3-2] What is PowerOpen?
- [3-3] What is Taligent / Pink?
- [3-4] Will NextStep be ported to the PowerPC?
- [3-5] Will OS/2 be available on PowerPC-based computers?
- [3-6] Can IBM-PC / Macintosh software be run on PowerPC-based
- computers?
-
- [4] Comparisons
- [4-1] Should I buy a PowerPC system rather than a Pentium or 68k
- system?
- [4-2] What will be the differences between the various
- PowerPC-based personal computers?
-
- [5] Misc
- [5-1] What's the deal with Ford and the PowerPC?
-
-
- ========================================================================
- [0] Introduction
- ========================================================================
-
- [0-1] Where can a current copy of this FAQ be obtained?
-
- This FAQ is posted monthly on comp.sys.powerpc, comp.answers, and
- news.answers. It is also archived on the news.answers archives,
- available for anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu as
- pub/usenet/news.answers/powerpc-faq. For other archive sites, see the
- "news.answers Introduction" post.
-
-
- [0-2] Can I convert this FAQ to a different format and/or
- redistribute it?
-
- This FAQ may be redistributed as long as the following guidelines are
- met:
-
- (a) You notify me by email that you are redistributing the FAQ.
- (b) The attribution notice ("The PowerPC FAQ is maintained by ...") is
- left intact.
- (c) The instructions for obtaining current copies of the FAQ (question
- [0-1]) are left intact.
- (d) You use the latest version of the FAQ you can get.
- (e) Any modifications (other than formatting) that you make are
- clearly marked as such.
-
- If you convert the FAQ to a different format, please email me a copy.
- If it is impossible to email it, contact me for other arrangements.
-
- If you are redistributing the FAQ and would like to get an up-to-date
- copy each month via email, let me know, and I will add you to my mailing
- list.
-
-
- [0-3] What newsgroups are appropriate for PowerPC discussions?
-
- Comp.sys.powerpc is the primary newsgroup for PowerPC discussion.
- From the charter: "comp.sys.powerpc (unmoderated) will be a newsgroup
- which will provide a common forum to users and developers of products
- based on the PowerPC architecture."
-
- The comp.sys.mac.* groups are appropriate for discussions of
- PowerPC-based Macintosh's.
-
-
- [0-4] What other FAQs contain PowerPC information?
-
- The Macintosh PowerPC FAQ contains information regarding PowerPC-based
- Macs. This FAQ is posted to comp.sys.mac.hardware and news.answers,
- among other places. It can also be obtained by fingering
- sschecht@magnusug.acs.ohio-state.edu.
-
-
- [0-5] What other net sources (ftp, gopher, etc.) contain PowerPC
- information?
-
- Apple's gopher server at info.hed.apple.com has press releases and
- product descriptions available. PowerPC related information may be
- found in:
- Apple Corporate News/ [recent press releases]
- Apple Technologies/PowerPC - white paper 6'93.
- Product Information/PowerPC/
-
- IBM's gopher server at ike.engr.washington.edu also has IBM press
- releases and product information. PowerPC related information may be
- found under:
- IBM General News/
- IBM Product Announcements/
- IBM Detailed Product Announcements/
- IBM Hardware Catalog/
- (IBM's main gopher server is at top.gopher.ibm.com; the ike.engr site
- can also be reached by selecting "IBM Kiosk for Education/" from the
- top.gopher site.)
-
- A list of companies and products supporting the Power Macintosh is
- available via WWW as:
- gopher://ocf.berkeley.edu/hh/gopherspace/Computer/Systems/
- Macintosh/PowerMac_Products
- or via gopher as:
- Type=0
- Name=List of Companies and their PowerPPC Mac product plans
- Path=0/gopherspace/Computer/Systems/Macintosh/PowerMac_Products
- Host=ocf.berkeley.edu
- Port=70
- This list is maintained by Alan Coopersmith (alanc@ocf.berkeley.edu).
-
- The PowerOpen Association has a mail server. For information send
- email to library@poweropen.org with the word "help" in the body.
-
- PowerPC News is a Internet-based free magazine, publishing news for
- both users and developers of PowerPC systems. To subscribe, send
- email to add@power.globalnews.com (no subject or body necessary). A
- table of contents will be sent to you for each issue; you can request
- specific articles via a mail server.
-
- There are two PowerPC roundtables on GEnie: PowerPC (PPC) on page 1435
- and PowerPC programmers' on page 1440.
-
-
- [0-6] Contributors.
-
- The following people have contributed to this FAQ:
-
- Alan Coopersmith (alanc@ocf.Berkeley.EDU)
- Alex Lewin (a.lewin@poweropen.org)
- Stuart Schechter (mac_ppc_faq@postbox.acs.ohio-state.edu), who
- maintains the Macintosh PowerPC FAQ.
- Robert Sprick (asrs@acad2.alaska.edu)
- Yoshio Turner (yoshio@CS.UCLA.EDU)
- (zdenek@poa.poweropen.org)
-
-
- ========================================================================
- [1] Processor
- ========================================================================
-
- [1-1] What is a PowerPC?
-
- A PowerPC is a microprocessor designed to meet a standard which was
- jointly designed by Motorola, IBM, and Apple. The PowerPC standard
- specifies a common instruction set architecture (ISA), allowing anyone
- to design and fabricate PowerPC processors, which will run the same
- code. The PowerPC architecture is based on the IBM POWER
- architecture, used in IBM's RS/6000 workstations. Currently IBM and
- chips.
-
- The PowerPC standard specifies both 32-bit and 64-bit data paths.
- Early implementations will be 32-bit; future higher-performance
- implementations will be 64-bit. A PowerPC has 32 integer registers
- (32- or 64-bit) and 32 floating point (IEEE standard 64-bit) floating
- point registers.
-
- NB: A PowerPC is not a computer, any more than an 80486 is a computer.
-
-
- [1-2] How does PowerPC relate to POWER and POWER2?
-
- As mentioned above, PowerPC is a direct descendant of POWER. POWER2
- is also a descendant of POWER, developed by IBM for use in their
- workstations and other systems. POWER2 was released at roughly the
- same time as the first PowerPC chip. POWER2 is an eight-chip
- multi-chip module (MCM) (four of these chips are cache) and is
- substantially faster than PowerPC, as well as substantially more
- expensive.
-
-
- [1-3] What processors have been announced? What are their specs? When
- will they be available?
-
- PowerPC 601: The very first PowerPC. It was designed as bridge
- between the POWER architecture and the PowerPC architecture. For this
- reason, it incorporates the user-level POWER instructions which were
- eliminated from the PowerPC specification.
-
- PowerPC 603: A low-power processor, intended for portable applications,
- e.g., notebook computers. Performance is roughly comparable to the
- 601 (see below for benchmarks).
-
- PowerPC 604: A higher-performance processor, intended for high-end
- desktop systems.
-
- PowerPC 620: An even higher-performance processor, aimed at high-end
- systems and multiprocessors. The 620 is the first 64-bit PowerPC
- implementation.
-
- The 601 is manufactured by IBM and sold by both IBM and Motorola. The
- 603 will be manufactured by both IBM and Motorola.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Processor Clk(MHz) Power(W) Price(US$)
- ------------ -------- -------- ----------
- MPC601(0.5u) 50 5.6 232
- 60
- 66 7 298
- 80 8 417
- MPC601(0.6u) 100 4
- MPC603 66 2.5
- 80 3
- MPC604
- MPC620
-
- Data Bus Func units Si Ship
- Proc width width (I/FP/BP/LS) Cache Trans Process date date
- ------ ----- ----- ------------ ----- ----- ---------- ------ --------
- MPC601 32 64 1/1/1/0 32U 2.8 0.6u CMOS Oct92 Apr 93
- MPC601 32 64 1/1/1/0 32U 2.8 0.5u CMOS 2Q 94 4Q 94
- MPC603 32 32/64 1/1/1/1 8I/8D 1.6 0.5u CMOS Oct93 3Q 94
- MPC604 32 1Q 94? mid 94?
- MPC620 64 late 94?
-
- Notes:
- * Data width: integer register/datapath and address width, in bits
- * Bus width: external data bus width, in bits
- * Functional units: I = integer unit
- FP = floating point unit
- BP = branch processing unit
- LS = load/store unit
- * Cache: On-chip cache in kilobytes - I(nstruction), D(ata), U(nified)
- * Price: in US dollars, for large quantities
- * Trans: number of transistors, in millions
- * Si date: first silicon date
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- [1-4] What embedded controllers will be available?
-
- IBM has announced the PowerPC 4xx embedded controller family. These
- will be available as general purpose microcontrollers,
- application-specific processors, and ASIC cores. The 4xx family will
- integrate caches and other system-level logic to facilitate simpler and
- cheaper designs. Performance or cost information is not yet available.
-
-
- [1-5] How fast is a PowerPC?
-
- This table lists SPEC results for PowerPC machines, as well as a few
- others, for comparison purposes. (SPEC is a benchmark suite designed to
- test system performance. The SPECint portion uses integer-only code,
- e.g., compilers; the SPECfp program uses floating point code, e.g.,
- circuit simulation.)
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -- SPEC92 --
- Processor Clock int fp Cache System
- --------- ------- ----- ----- --------- -------------------
- MPC601(0.6u) 66 MHz 62.6 72.2 0/32k IBM RS/6000 250
- 66 MHz 75 91 1M/32k Motorola estimate
- 80 MHz 77 93 0/32k Motorola estimate
- 80 MHz 85 105 1M/32k Motorola estimate
- MPC601(0.5u) 100 MHz 105 125 ?/32k ? estimate
- MPC603 66 MHz 60 70 1M/8k/8k Motorola estimate
- 80 MHz 75 85 1M/8k/8k Motorola estimate
- MPC604
- MPC620
- i486DX2 66 MHz 32.2 16.0 256k/8k Compaq Deskpro
- i486DX4 100 MHz 51.4 26.6 256k/16k Micronics M4P PCI
- Pentium 66 MHz 65.1 63.6 256k/8k/8k Compaq Systempro/XL
- Pentium 90 MHz 90.1 72.7 512k/8k/8k Intel XPRESS
- Pentium 100 MHz 100.0 80.6 512k/8k/8k Intel XPRESS
-
- { I'd like to list a couple of high end 68040 Macs here, but I can't }
- { find SPEC numbers. If anyone has them, please let me know. }
-
- Notes:
- * Cache numbers are in kB or MB: format is external/instruction/data or
- external/unified.
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- More information on the SPEC benchmark, including numbers for other
- systems, is available in the newsgroup comp.benchmarks.
-
-
- [1-6] Is there special hardware for emulating 68k or x86
- processors?
-
- All currently announced emulators are purely software. There are no
- PowerPC processors with special hardware for translating instructions
- from other processor families. In addition, because software
- emulation has been reasonably successful, it seems very unlikely that
- there will ever be hardware of this type.
-
- A rumor has surfaced, claiming that IBM is working on the "615", a
- PowerPC processor which will allegedly include Intel x86 emulation
- hardware. IBM has denied that this project exists. Again, it seems
- unlikely, given the work being put into software emulators.
-
-
- [1-7] Where can I get more information on the PowerPC?
-
- -- Manuals, databooks, etc.
-
- Motorola publishes several brochures and manuals (free unless prices is
- specified):
-
- PowerPC Brochure (BR1135/D)
- PowerPC 601 RISC Microprocessor Technical Summary (MPC601/D)
- PowerPC 601 Hardware Specification (MPC601EC/D)
- PowerPC Software Overview (compilers, assemblers, simulators,
- loaders & debuggers) (SDP/D)
- PowerPC C Compiler System, Product Review (CCOMPSTM/D)
- PowerPC Fortran compilation System, Product Review
- (FTRANCOMPSTM/D)
- PowerPC Architectural Simulator, Product Review (PPCARCH32/D)
- PowerPC 601 Programmer's Reference Guide (MPC601PRG/D)
- (I've heard reports that this is no longer available.)
- PowerPC 601, User's Manual (MPC601UM/AD) -- $6.50
- PowerPC Development Tools Catalog (MPCTOOLBK/AD) -- $4.50
- PowerPC 603 RISC Microprocessor Technical Summary (MPC603/D)
-
- All are available from Motorola's Literature Distribution Centers:
-
- USA: Motorola Literature Distribution
- P.O. Box 20912
- Phoenix, AZ, 85036
- 1-800-441-2447
-
- Europe: Motorola Ltd.
- European Literature Center
- 88 Tanners Drive
- Blakelands, Milton Keynes, MK14 5BP, England
-
- Japan: Nippon Motorola Ltd.
- 4-32-1, Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku
- Tokyo 141 Japan
-
- Asia-Pacific: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.
- Silicon Harbour Center
- No. 2 Dai King Street
- Tai Po Industrial Estate
- Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
-
- PowerPC manuals and databooks are also available from IBM:
-
- 1-800-POWERPC
-
- A PowerMac-specific manual, from APDA:
-
- Programmer's Introduction to RISC and PowerPC (R0172LL/A) -- $150
-
- -- Books
-
- Jeff Duntemann and Ron Pronk, _Inside the PowerPC Revolution_; Coriolis
- Group Books; April 30, 1994; ISBN 1-883577-04-7.
-
- IBM, _IBM RISC System/6000 Technology_.
- [ and the POWER-based RS/6000
- workstations.]
-
- IBM, _IBM RISC System/6000 Technology: Volume II_; to be published in
- 1994; partial draft available via anonymous ftp:
- ibminet.awdpa.ibm.com/pub/rs6kpapers/techbook.ps.
- [Describes the PowerPC and POWER2 architectures and the workstations
- based on these processors, including I/O, graphics, and system
- software.]
-
- IBM, _The IBM PowerPC Architecture, A New Family of RISC Processors_;
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers; Dec. 1993; ISBN 1-55860-316-6; $49.95.
- (publication date delayed to May, 1994?)
- ["This book presents an overview of the current and forthcoming
- PowerPC processor implementations in the PowerPC family of RISC
- microprocessors from IBM and Motorola."] [This is also available
- directly from IBM.]
-
- Shlomo Weiss and James E Smith, _IBM Power and PowerPC: Architecture and
- Implementation_; Morgan Kaufmann Publishers; Nov. 1993; ISBN
- 1-55860-279-8; $54.95. (publication date delayed to May, 1994?)
- ["Writtten from the perspective of developers and teachers of high
- performance computing, this book provides a wealth of information
- about IBM's important contributions to the development and evolution
- of RISC technology."]
-
- -- Papers, articles, etc.
-
- Michael S. Allen, Michael C. Becker, "Multiprocessing Aspects of the
- PowerPC 601 Microprocessor", Proc. COMPCON 1993, 117-126.
-
- Michael C. Becker et al., "The PowerPC 601 Microprocessor", IEEE Micro,
- Oct. 1993, 54-68.
-
- Linley Gwennap, "Prep Standardizes PowerPC Systems", Microprocessor
- Report, Dec. 27, 1993.
-
- Charles R. Moore, "The PowerPC 601 Microprocessor", Proc. COMPCON 1993,
- 109-116.
-
- E. Silha, G. Paap, "PowerPC: A Performance Architecture", Proc. COMPCON
- 1993, 104-108.
-
- Michael Slater, "Motorola and IBM Unveil PowerPC 603", Microprocessor
- Report, Oct. 25, 1993.
-
-
- ========================================================================
- [2] Hardware
- ========================================================================
-
- [2-1] What PowerPC-based computers are/will be available? When will
- they be available? How much will they cost?
-
- -- Workstations
-
- IBM's POWERStation 250 is based on a 66 MHz 601. Like the rest of the
- RS/6000 family, it runs AIX (IBM's UNIX). The 250 is completely
- compatible with the POWER-based RS/6000 line, and will run all RS/6000
- software. Prices range from $5445 to $9395, depending on configuration.
- They started shipping Oct., 1993.
-
- IBM's RS/6000 N40 notebook workstation is based on a 50 MHz 601. It
- comes with a color display, a 340 MB removable disk, and 16 MB of RAM.
- They will be available on March 25, 1994 at a price of $11995.
-
- Groupe Bull has announced three 66 Mhz 601 workstations, running BOS/X
- (an AIX-compatible UNIX) Prices start at $5445.
-
- -- Personal computers: IBM
-
- IBM has announced a line of PCs -- three models have been demonstrated:
- a desktop system, a laptop, and a 'green' machine. These systems will
- include both PCI and ISA slots. They will be shipped with WorkplaceOS,
- but several other OS's will run natively (when available): Solaris,
- Windows NT, Personal AIX, AIX, and Taligent. No prices have been
- announced, but they will likely be comparable to Pentium systems. They
- will ship sometime in the second half on 1994.
-
- Given that IBM is planning to release the PReP standard (see below),
- compatible PCs will undoubtedly become available. As far as I know, no
- formal announcements have been made, however.
-
- -- Personal computers: Apple
-
- Three Apple Power Macintosh models were released on March 14, 1994.
- These run System 7, just like the 68k Macs. Most of the ROM code has
- been ported and will run natively. They also come with an emulator
- which will allow them to run 68k Mac applications.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- model proc clock L2 cache RAM slots base price
- ------- ---- ------ -------- -------- ---------- --------------
- 6100/60 601 60 MHz optional 8-72 MB 1 7" NuBus $2000 (approx)
- 7100/66 601 66 MHz optional 8-136 MB 3 NuBus $3000 (approx)
- 8100/80 601 80 MHz 256 kB 8-264 MB 3 NuBus $4000 (approx)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Configurations are available with different RAM and hard disk sizes.
- Some configurations are bundled with a CD ROM drive or SoftWindows.
-
- Two types of upgrade from 68k Macs to the 601 are available: a
- replacement logic board at 60, 66, or 80 MHz (prices range from
- approximately $1500 to $2000) and a PDS board at double the clock
- speed of the original 68040 (for around $600).
-
- Portable PowerPC Mac's are expected in late 1994 or early 1995.
-
- For more information on the PowerPC Macs, see the "Macintosh PowerPC
- FAQ".
-
- -- Personal computers: other
-
- Canon has announced that it will work with IBM on the PReP
- specification. In particular, they plan to work on extensions to PReP
- for PDA's and office products.
-
- -- Other systems
-
- Cetia (a subsidiary of Thompson-CSF) is selling VME single board
- computers using 50-66 MHz 601's. Available OS's are UNI/XT (AIX) and
- UNI/RT5 (LynxOS). The 50 MHz version sells for around $13000.
-
- The Motorola Computer Group is planning to release a family of VME
- boards sometime in 1994.
-
- The Taiwan New PC Consortium, formed by Tatung, Mitac, DTK, Umax, and
- Taiwan Auto Design, has signed on to the PowerPC bandwagon, but it is
- not clear yet what they will be doing with the chips.
-
- Parsytec has announced that it will be combining PowerPC processors and
- Transputer communication processors in its multiprocessor systems.
- These include:
- - the MPP supercomputer series GC/PowerPlus (32-1024 601's, 2.5-80
- GFLOPS)
- - the desktop MPP series PowerXplorer (4-64 601's, 5 GFLOPS peak, under
- $70,000 per GFLOPS)
- - the modular real-time product series MC-3
- For more information, contact
- Carsten Rietbrock
- Parsytec GmbH
- Product Marketing
- Juelicherstrasse 338
- 52070 Aachen GERMANY
- Tel.: +49-241-166000; Fax: +49-241-16600-50
-
-
- [2-2] What is PReP and how can I get a copy?
-
- The PowerPC Reference Platform (PReP) is a system standard, designed
- by IBM, intended to ensure compatibility among PowerPC-based systems
- built by different companies. The PReP standard specifies the PCI
- bus, but will also support ISA, MicroChannel, and PCMCIA. The alpha
- version of the document is currently available to "qualified companies
- or individuals"; contact a Motorola SPS or IBM Microelectronics sales
- office.
-
- According to IBM, PReP-compliant systems will be able to run
- WorkplaceOS, AIX, Solaris, Taligent, and Windows NT. IBM systems will
- (of course) be PReP-compliant. Apple's first PowerPC Mac's will not
- be compliant, but future Mac's may be.
-
- The current alpha version of PReP was released in November, 1993. The
- beta version is due on March 15, 1994.
-
- To obtain a copy of PReP specification (freely available to all
- requesters), contact:
-
- John Terwilliger
- FAX: 512-838-8857
- email: johntt@ausvm6.vnet.ibm.com
-
- Include the following information:
-
- Name
- Company, Division (if appropriate)
- Address
- Telephone number
- Fax number
- Internet address, if any
- Type of business
- Alternate contact
- Alternate telephone number
- Reason for request
- Indicate you learned about this method via the comp.sys.powerpc
- newsgroup
-
-
- [2-3] Can PowerPC 601-based computers be upgraded to, e.g., a 604
- when they become available?
-
- The currently available 601-based systems (IBM RS/6000-250, Apple
- PowerMac) are apparently not upgradeable. According to rumors, the the
- processors in some future PowerMacs may be on a replacable
- daughterboard.
-
-
- ========================================================================
- [3] Software
- ========================================================================
-
- [3-1] What operating systems will run on PowerPC-based computers?
- When will they be available?
-
- -- UNIX
-
- Several flavors of UNIX have been (or will be) ported to the PowerPC.
-
- IBM's AIX has been available since October 1993. There will also be a
- version called Personal AIX, which will come without certain utilities
- and development tools, for IBM's PC's.
-
- Applhe PowerPC.
-
- Solaris has been ported to the PowerPC. Ports of NextStep and Novell
- UnixWare are rumored to be underway.
-
- -- System 7
-
- PowerPC Macintosh's will ship with System 7, just like 68k Mac's. Much
- of the Toolbox (system code in ROM) has been ported to the PowerPC; the
- remainder will be emulated. Apple analyzed existing code to determine
- the most frequently used Toolbox routines, and ported those first.
- Eventually, all of the code will run natively.
-
- Apple has begun licensing its Toolbox to other computer manufacturers.
- The first use of this is in MAS, which allows PowerOpen-compliant OS's
- to run Mac applications (see the section on emulators below).
-
- -- Windows
-
- Windows NT has been ported to the PowerPC. The expected release date is
- sometime in mid-1994.
-
- -- WorkplaceOS
-
- IBM's personal systems will ship with WorkplaceOS (which can be
- considered a replacement for OS/2). WPOS is built on a microkernel,
- which is based on Mach 3.0. Various "personalities" will sit on top of
- this microkernel, and emulate various environments: OS/2, AIX, Solaris,
- DOS, Windows 3.x, and possibly Macintosh. 32-bit OS/2 applications will
- be able to run natively after recompiling. DOS and Windows applications
- will be supported via an emulator.
-
- -- Others
-
- Taligent (see "What is Taligent" below).
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- name company base OS GUI avail
- ---- ------- ------------ ------- ------
- AIX 3.x IBM UNIX SysVR3 X+Motif Oct 93
- A/UX Apple UNIX SysVR2 X? ?
- NextStep Next Mach2 + BSD4.3 custom mid 94
- Solaris 2.x SunSoft SysVR4 X+Motif ?
- System 7 Apple custom custom 1H 94
- Windows NT Microsoft custom custom mid 94
- WorkplaceOS IBM Mach3 + custom custom 2H 94
- Taligent Taligent custom custom? 95
- UnixWare Novell SysVR4 X+Motif ?
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- [3-2] What is PowerOpen?
-
- The PowerOpen Association defines and promotes the PowerOpen
- Environment (POE). The POE is not an operating system, it is a
- definition containing an API specification as well as an ABI
- specification. The presence of the ABI specification in the POE is a
- factor distinguishing PowerOpen from other open systems (POSIX, XPG4,
- etc.) since it allows achieving platform independent binary
- compatibility. Outside of the POE, binary compatibility is typically
- limited to a particular hardware platform.
-
- The POE is an open standard, derived from AIX and conforming to
- industry open standards including POSIX, XPG4, Motif, etc. The POE
- specification will be publicly available to anyone wishing to produce
- either applications or hardware platforms. The PowerOpen Association
- will provide the necessary conformance testing and POE branding.
-
- The key features of the POE follow:
-
- * Based on the PowerPC architecture
- * Hardware bus independence
- * System implementations can range from laptops to supercomputers
- * Requires a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system
- * Networking support
- * X windows extension
- * Macintosh Application Services extension
- * Motif
- * Conformance tested and certified by an independent party
- (PowerOpen Association)
-
- The POE specification is targeted for availability in the first
- quarter of 1994. The PowerOpen association has some information
- available online, including membership information; for retrieval
- instructions, send mail containing the word "help" to:
-
- library@poweropen.org
-
- (Thanks to Alex Lewin for the above material.)
-
- NB: PowerOpen is not itself an operating system -- it is only a
- *standard*.
-
- The PowerOpen Association, consists of IBM, Motorola, Apple, Bull,
- Thomson-CSF, Harris, TadPole Technology, and others.
-
- The next major version of AIX (version 4.x) will be PowerOpen-compliant.
- Future versions of A/UX may also be compliant.
-
-
- [3-3] What is Taligent / Pink?
-
- Taligent is a company founded jointly by Apple and IBM in March 1992.
- HP announced in January, 1994 that it would buy a 15% stake in Taligent.
- They are working on an "object-oriented operating system", due to be
- finished sometime in 1995. However, various independent pieces of
- Taligent will likely appear to be used with other operating systems,
- e.g., IBM's WorkplaceOS.
-
- Pink is an older name for Taligent, dating back to work that Apple did
- before the formation of Taligent.
-
-
- [3-4] Will NextStep be ported to the PowerPC?
-
- NextStep has been ported to the RS/6000 (POWER architecture), but is not
- commercially available. According to rumors, NextStep has been seen
- running on PowerPC machines. No official announcement has been made by
- Next as to availability.
-
- Sun has announced that it will incorporate OpenStep, a version of
- NextStep, in Solaris. Solaris has been demoed on PowerPC machines, so
- it is likely that OpenStep will also be available.
-
-
- [3-5] Will OS/2 be available on PowerPC-based computers?
-
- Judging by IBM's press releases, it looks like OS/2 will not be
- available. However, WorkplaceOS (see above) will be similar to OS/2
- in many ways, and will be able to run OS/2 software.
-
-
- [3-6] Can IBM-PC / Macintosh software be run on PowerPC-based
- computers?
-
- Several emulators have been announced. Generally, these are intended to
- run Macintosh or MS-DOS/Windows applications under the various native
- operating systems.
-
- -- Macintosh
-
- Macintosh Application Services (MAS), supported by Apple, allows
- PowerOpen-compliant OS's to run Mac applications. MAS includes a 68040
- emulator and a PowerPC port of the Mac toolbox. This has been
- demonstrated on IBM's PowerPC personal systems. Apple has announced
- that they will be cooperating with Sun and HP to work on the Macintosh
- Application Environment (MAE) which will allow Mac applications to run
- under Solaris and HP's UNIX. [MAE may be a newer name for MAS -- anyone
- with info, please email me.]
-
- Executor, produced by ARDI, is currently available for NextStep and
- NextStep/Intel, and will soon be available for MS-DOS, and Sun and Alpha
- workstations. Executor emulates a 68040-based monochrome Macintosh
- running System 6. Version 2.0 is supposed to offer 8-bit color and some
- System 7 features. ARDI uses reverse-engineered Toolbox code, i.e., it
- was written from scratch from the interface specs. For this reason, it
- it easily portable -- expect to see it ported to other platforms
- (including the PowerPC) in the near future.
-
- PowerPC-based Macintosh's will have the built-in capability to run 68k
- Mac software. The 68k application code will be emulated (it emulates a
- 68EC040, with no FPU), but most of the system code has been ported.
-
- -- MS-DOS/Windows
-
- Wabi, produced by Sun, runs under UNIX/X. It emulates x86 code, and
- translates Windows calls to X calls. IBM is working on an 80386
- translator. Support has been announced for Solaris and AIX. Wabi is
- based on the public specs for the Windows ABI. (Wabi originally stood
- for "Windows Application Binary Interface" -- it's spelled "Wabi", not
- "WABI", for trademark reasons.) This has been demonstrated on IBM's
- PowerPC personal systems.
-
- SoftPC and SoftWindows, produced by Insignia, runs under several OS's:
- Mac, Windows NT, NextStep, and various other UNIX flavors. It emulates
- 80286/80287 code and Windows calls. Insignia has licensed the Windows
- source code from Microsoft.
-
- WorkplaceOS will support MS-DOS and Windows personalities -- see the
- description of WPOS, above.
-
-
- ========================================================================
- [4] Comparisons
- ========================================================================
-
- [4-1] Should I buy a PowerPC system rather than a Pentium or 68k
- system?
-
- Apple is committed to making their PowerPC Macintosh's feel just like
- the 68k Mac's, but faster. It looks like they will eventually switch
- the entire Mac line over to the PowerPC. If you plan to buy a new Mac,
- this is probably the way to go.
-
- A Pentium system will run existing x86 code faster than a 601 will
- x86 code as fast as possible, buy a
- Pentium box.
-
- On the other hand, many x86 applications will probably be ported to
- the PowerPC. The extent of this porting will likely determine the
- success of the PowerPC in the personal computer market.
-
- Because the only currently available PowerPC system (the IBM RS/6000
- 250) has no level 2 cache, whereas most of the current Pentium systems
- do have a level 2 cache, a completely fair comparison between the two
- is not possible. However, one may note that the simpler 601-based
- system achieves approximately the same performance as the more complex
- Pentium system (judging by the SPEC table above). Future
- PowerPC-based systems will presumably be faster (and this is backed up
- by Motorola estimates, also in the table).
-
- This does not mean that Intel and the Intel-based PC manufacturers are
- standing still. Only the future will tell whose chips and whose
- systems will be the fastest.
-
-
- [4-2] What will be the differences between the various
- PowerPC-based personal computers?
-
- It looks like there will be two major types of PowerPC-based personal
- computers (note, this is not counting workstations): the Apple Macintosh
- line, and PReP-compliant machines. The basic hardware will not be
- fundamentally different -- the real difference will be in the supported
- operating systems for each class.
-
- It is still unclear whether Apple is going to produce Macs which will
- conform to the PReP standard, and whether the Mac OS will run on PReP
- machines. The potential exists for a standard which would allow any
- PowerPC-based machine to run any PowerPC operating system; whether this
- will happen remains to be seen.
-
-
- ========================================================================
- [5] Misc
- ========================================================================
-
- [5-1] What's the deal with Ford and the PowerPC?
-
- Ford and Motorola have signed an agreement resulting in a custom
- PowerPC to be used by Ford as a powertrain controller. Details on this
- chip are not available.
-